Foundations

Candlestick Anatomy (OHLC, Bodies, Wicks)

The four prices in every candle, and how bodies and wicks encode the fight between buyers and sellers.

A candlestick is the most information-dense way to draw one slice of time. Every candle encodes four prices — the open, high, low, and close (OHLC) — and the shape that results tells you not just where price ended up, but how it got there and who was in control along the way.

The four prices

  • Open — the first traded price of the period.
  • High — the highest price reached.
  • Low — the lowest price reached.
  • Close — the last traded price of the period (the most important of the four).

Body and wicks

The thick part — the body — spans the open and close. A green (up) body means the close was above the open; red (down) means it closed below. The thin lines above and below — the wicks (or shadows) — reach to the high and low. The body shows the net result; the wicks show the ground price covered and gave back.

Read them together. A large body with tiny wicks is conviction — one side dominated start to finish. A small body with long wicks is indecision or rejection — price traveled far in both directions but finished near where it began.

HighCloseOpenLowbodywickupdown
An up candle (green) and a down candle (red): body = open→close, wicks = the high/low extremes.

What wicks are telling you

A long lower wick means sellers pushed price down but buyers rejected those lows and lifted it back up — a sign of demand. A long upper wick is the mirror image: buyers reached higher but sellers absorbed them and pressed price back down — a sign of supply. The longer the wick relative to the body, the stronger the rejection.

Why the close matters most

Intraperiod, price can spike anywhere — but the close is the price both sides agreed to carry into the next period. That is why traders wait for a candle to close before acting on it: an unclosed candle can still erase its own wick. "It is not a level until it closes beyond it" is one of the most useful habits you can build.

Check your understanding

  1. 1. What does the body of a candle represent?

  2. 2. A long lower wick suggests what?

  3. 3. Which of the four prices is generally treated as the most important?

  4. 4. A small body with long wicks on both sides indicates…

  5. 5. Why do many traders wait for a candle to close?

Answer all 5 to check